Refining and Improving Control Techniques

Past research-management cooperation done on a personal bas i s has been e f f e c t i v e i n providing us with the dwarf mis t le toe controls we now use. Recent developments have brought us new oppor tuni t ies t o improve the control of dwarf mis t le toe and o the r pes t s through increased cooperation between research, extension and management. The current s ty l i zed concept of the r e l a t ionsh ip among research, extension se rv ice , and management i s inadequate t o meet our fu ture needs because it lacks the two-way flow of information, the f l e x i b i l i t y , and the long-term closeness t h a t w i l l be required i n the fu tu re . Forest managers, extension s p e c i a l i s t s and researchers should be encouraged and supported i n long-term cooperative e f f o r t s i n in t eg ra t ing the control of dwarf mis t le toe losses with the control of pest-caused losses and with t h e in tens ive s i l v i c u l t u r a l management of stands. INTRODUCTION This symposium was o r ig ina l ly designed f o r and di rec ted t o fo res t managers and f o r e s t Talking about t h e mer i t s of cooperation s i l v i c u l t u r i s t s . But i n t a lk ing about the subamong research, extension service , and f o r e s t j ec t of research-extension-management cooperamanagement i s much l i k e p ra i s ing motherhood t i o n it would be inappropriate t o address ju s t i n t h a t we a l l agree t h a t i t i s good, t h a t i t one member of t h e cooperative team. And s ince i s needed, and t h a t it has been productive. representa t ives of a l l t h ree groups a re here, And so I am not going t o t e l l you about t h e I am addressing t h i s t a l k t o a l l of them. pas t accomplishments of the cooperative e f f o r t s do so with the thought t h a t a f t e r my presentaof researchers , extension s p e c i a l i s t s , and t i o n , representa t ives from research, extension, f o r e s t managers t h a t led t o t h e dwarf mis t leand management w i l l respond with t h e i r p a r t i c toe control p rac t i ces you now use. Instead, u l a r points of view so t h a t we can s t a r t t o I would l i k e t o ind ica te where we now a re i n develop more of an understanding of how we the area of research-extension-management might b e t t e r cooperate with one another t o cooperation, and what our fu tu re opportuniachieve our immediate and long-range goals. t i e s and needs a re , and t o describe some new ways o r a reas i n which such cooperation can be Research-extension-management cooperation more productive. And I hope t h a t i n explori n the area of dwarf mis t le toe control up t o ing t h i s subject together , we may a l l be t h i s point has resul ted mainly from the e f f o r t s inspi red t o cooperate with one another more of severa l dedicated persons i n each group. o f t en , i n more ways, leading t o more f r u i t f u l These e f f o r t s have been very productive, i n r e l a t ionsh ips . f a c t i n my judgment, they a r e among the most productive of the cooperative e f f o r t s i n fo res t d isease control . The organizations these people work f o r have supported these e f f o r t s f inanc ia l ly and have generally encouraged cooperation on a personal bas i s . But they have usually not become involved t o the point of s e t t i n g spec i f i c organizational goals, assigning r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s and accoun tab i l i t i e s , Ñ '~resente a t t h e Symposium on Dwarf Mistleand evaluating progress toward these goals. I believe t h a t these organizations do have ro le s toe Control Through Forest Management, i n t h i s area of research-extension-management Berkeley, C a l i f . , April 11-13, 1978. cooperation beyond the general encouragement of such cooperation and t h a t increased organiL'plant Pathologis t , Cal i fornia Region, za t ional involvement and dedication at a l l Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriadministrat ive levels w i l l be needed i f we a r e cu l tu re , San Francisco, Ca l i f . t o meet the challenges of the fu ture . I NEED FOR RESEARCH-MANAGEMENT COOPERATION Several conditions have recent ly emerged t h a t , i n my estimation, a re going t o require an increased sophis t ica t ion, coordination and cooperation among fo res t research, extension and management i f we a re t o improve on current and fu tu re operational fo res t pes t control techniques and methods. Central among these conditions a re : 1) A change i n our goals from t h a t of cont r o l l i n g pes t s and pes t populations t o t h a t of reducing fo res t losses caused by pes t s . 2) An increase i n in tensive fo res t management a c t i v i t i e s and a corresponding increased emphasis on and a v a i l a b i l i t y of s i l v i c u l t u r a l